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Achilles tendinitis

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Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury of the Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon, the band of tissue that connects calf muscles at the back of the lower leg to your heel bone.

Achilles tendinitis most commonly occurs in runners who have suddenly increased the intensity or duration of their runs. It's also common in middle-aged people who play sports, such as tennis or basketball, only on the weekends.

Most cases of Achilles tendinitis can be treated with relatively simple, at-home care under your doctor's supervision. Self-care strategies are usually necessary to prevent recurring episodes. More-serious cases of Achilles tendinitis can lead to tendon tears (ruptures) that may require Treatment .



Symptoms


The pain associated with Achilles tendinitis typically begins as a mild ache in the back of the leg or above the heel after running or other sports activity. Episodes of more-severe pain may occur after prolonged running, stair climbing or sprinting.

You might also experience tenderness or stiffness, especially in the morning, which usually improves with mild activity.


Causes

Achilles tendinitis is caused by repetitive or intense strain on the Achilles tendon, the band of tissue that connects your calf muscles to your heel bone. This tendon is used when you walk, run, jump or push up on your toes.

The structure of the Achilles tendon weakens with age, which can make it more susceptible to injury — particularly in people who may participate in sports only on the weekends or who have suddenly increased the intensity of their running programs.



Risk factors


A number of factors may increase your risk of Achilles tendinitis, including:

Your sex. Achilles tendinitis occurs most commonly in men.

Age. Achilles tendinitis is more common as you age.

Physical problems. A naturally flat arch in your foot can put more strain on the Achilles tendon. Obesity and tight calf muscles also can increase tendon strain.

Training choices. Running in worn-out shoes can increase your risk of Achilles tendinitis. Tendon pain occurs more frequently in cold weather than in warm weather, and running on hilly terrain also can predispose you to Achilles injury.


Medical conditions. People who have psoriasis or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing Achilles tendinitis.




Complications


Achilles tendinitis can weaken the tendon, making it more vulnerable to a tear (rupture) — a painful injury that usually requires surgical repair.


Prevention


While it may not be possible to prevent Achilles tendinitis, you can take measures to reduce your risk:


Increase your activity level gradually. If you're just beginning an exercise regimen, start slowly and gradually increase the duration and intensity of the training.


Take it easy. Avoid activities that place excessive stress on your tendons, such as hill running. If you participate in a strenuous activity, warm up first by exercising at a slower pace. If you notice pain during a particular exercise, stop and rest.


Choose your shoes carefully. The shoes you wear while exercising should provide adequate cushioning for your heel and should have a firm arch support to help reduce the tension in the Achilles tendon. Replace your worn-out shoes. If your shoes are in good condition but don't support your feet, try arch supports in both shoes.


Stretch daily. Take the time to stretch your calf muscles and Achilles tendon in the morning, before exercise and after exercise to maintain flexibility. This is especially important to avoid a recurrence of Achilles tendinitis.



Strengthen your calf muscles. Strong calf muscles enable the calf and Achilles tendon to better handle the stresses they encounter with activity and exercise.

Cross-train. Alternate high-impact activities, such as running and jumping, with low-impact activities, such as cycling and swimming




ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE   AND AYURVEDA


  • In Ayurveda,Achilles tendon rupture falls under Vata vyadhi or a Vata dosha imbalance disorder. Particularly it is considered as snayugata vata.

  • In Achilles tendon rupture, snayuccheda occurs.

  • Vata vyadhi can be correlated to neurological or neuromuscular disorders. The causes and pathogenesis of diseases caused by vitiation of Vata dosha, in general, are the exclusive cause and pathogenesis ofpain, numbness, weakness.

  • Vata dosha and mamsa dhatu are involved.


NIDANA- AYURVEDIC CAUSES OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Trauma

  • Injuries


Predisposing factors are;

  • Excess consumption of ununctuous, acrid,  cold food

  • Excessive physical exercise.

  • Suppression of natural urges.


PURVAROOPAM- AYURVEDIC PREMONITORY SYMPTOMS OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Sudden sharp pain near the heels


SAMPRAPTI – AYURVEDIC PATHOGENESIS OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Vata, pitta and kapha dosha move through all channels of circulation. Due to the subtle nature of vata it impels the remaining two doshas.

  • The aggravated vata having provoked these two doshas, exacerbated and fills up the empty channels and moves greatly inside them or by getting enveloped by the other doshas.

  • The traumatic injury to the Achilles tendon leads to snayuccheda (rupture of the tendon).

  • The aggravated vata resides in the snayu (tendon) of the heel and produces different kinds of aches and pains.


LAKSHANA- AYURVEDIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  


  • Toda – aching pain

  • Ruk – Pain on the heels

  • Sopha – oedema

  • Sada – weakness

AYURVEDIC PROGNOSIS OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Pain associated with traumatic injuries is difficult to cure – krichra sadhya

CHIKITSA- AYURVEDIC TREATMENT FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

Ayurvedic local treatment for Achilles tendon rupture  

  • Pain-relieving lepa application

  • Seka – pouring of oil (munivenna)

  • Bandhana (bandaging) – with murivenna

AYURVEDIC SAMANA TREATMENT FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Dasamoolarishtam

  • Maharasnadi kashayam

  • Dhanwantharam ghritam

  • Rasna panchakam kashayam

  • Rasnasaptakam kashayam

  • Rasaraj ras

  • Laksha guggulu

  • Trayodasanga guggulu

  • Mahayogaraja guggulu

 AYURVEDIC SODHANA TREATMENT FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • NASYA- Ksheerabala

COMMONLY USED AYURVEDIC MEDICINES FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

Internal administration

  • Balarishtam

  • Rasna panchakam kashayam

  • Rasna saptakam kashayam

  • Rasaraj ras

  • Laksha guggulu

  • Trayodasanga guggulu

  • Mahayogaraja guggulu

  • Dhanwantharam ghrita

External application

  • Snehadhara – with murivenna

HOME REMEDIES FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Proper rest

  • Drinking plenty of fluids

DIET AND BEHAVIOUR FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Avoid food items that produce vata dosha imbalance like cold and dry food, hard to digest. Because vata imbalance aggravates the symptoms.

  • Consume easily digestible food items, cow’s milk

  • Avoid exercises, walking, jumping etc which further aggravate the conditions.

  • Oil application on the affected part is advised. This alleviates vata dosha.

  • Take proper rest.


YOGA FOR ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE  

  • Nadi Shuddi Pranayam    – calms the mind and gets relief from aches and pains

The patient needs to be seated in a meditative posture with the head and spine erect, with the body relaxed. The patient has to close his one nostril (e.g. left nostril if using the right hand and vice versa) with the thumb and exhale completely through the other nostril. Again, he will have to breathe in deeply through the other nostril while the opposite nostril is still closed with the thumb.

                          

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